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How to set up email address for your website?

Set up an email account that uses your domain name

Here, I’m going to show you how to create a new email address, like info@rajanaryal.com.np, and integrate it with your Gmail account. This way, you can easily send and receive emails through the Gmail interface, but your customer will see the emails as coming from your domain email address.

The steps have been broken in two parts. First we’ll see how to create the domain email address. Second, we’ll integrate that domain email with your Gmail account.

1. Create the domain name email addressLog into your blog hosting control panel, or cpanel.

2.Click on Email Accounts in the Email section.

3.Enter the details for your new account, and click Create Account, as shown here.

4.You will see a notification that reads something like this: “Success! Account Created.” The account will be shown on the same page.

5.Now go back to your cpanel and click on Forwarders in the Mail section. Then click Add Forwarder.

6.Fill all the details as shown below. Then, click Add Forwarder and you’re done.

Now all the emails sent to username@yourdomainname.com will be sent to your personal email address.

2. Integrate your new domain email with Gmail

1.Sign in to your Gmail account.

2.Go to Options, then to Mail Settings, then click Accounts and Imports.

3.Check Send Mail As, and click on Add Another Email Address You Own.

4.In the popup that appears, fill in your details, add the new domain email address you just created, then click Next.

5.Click on Send Verification, and a verification email will be delivered to your inbox. Simply click on the link to verify it, and you are done.

6.Now, click on Compose Email, and see the changes you’ve made in action.

I hope these steps are clear enough for you to set up your own domain email address. However, if you feel I’ve missed something, or you’re not able to follow up, then let me know in the comments.

How To Detect Invalid Click Activity in Google Adsense

Advanced Database Management System || 8th sem old question 69-73

                          Tribhuwan University                 

                Institute of Science and Technology                                                                             2069 

Advanced Database Management System       

                                                                                                            Time : 3 hours   Full Marks : 60       Pass Marks : 24 

New Course 
Candidates are required to give  their answers in  their own words as far as practicable. The questions are of equal value. 

Attempt all questions.
1.) Explain the following terms :
 • Data mining
• ECA model
• Spatial database
• Specialization and generalization in an ERR model
 • XML and HTML
 • GIS

2.) How can you convert an ERR design to relational design? Discuss with suitable example.

 3.) What is OID? How persistent objects are maintained in OODatabase?

4.) Discuss the relative advantages of centralized and distributed database.

5.) Describe different implementation issues with object relational database system.

6.) Discuss the different techniques for executing equijoin of two files located at different sites. What main factors affect the cost of data transfer?

7.) Differentiate between attributes and elements in XML? List some of the important attributes used in specifying elements in XML schema.

 8.) Distinguish object oriented database and object relational databases.

9.) What is a data warehouse? How does it differ from a database?

10.) Explain mobile computing architecture with suitable diagram.

                                     Tribhuwan University                  

                              Institute of Science and Technology                                                                        2070 

Advanced Database Management System       

                                                                                                            Time : 3 hours   Full Marks : 60       Pass Marks : 24 

New Course 
Candidates are required to give  their answers in  their own words as far as practicable. The questions are of equal value. 

1.) Explain the following terms :
• Extent •
emporal database
• Degree of homogeneity of DBMS
• X Path • Classification and clustering
• OLAP

2.) Draw an ER Diagram for a hospital with a set of patients and set of doctors associated with each patient a log of various tests and examinations conducted.


 3.) What is the difference between an object and a….. in the object oriented data model (OOBM) ?

4.) What are the main difference between designing a relational database and an object database?

5.) Discuss some applications of active database. How do spatial databases differ from regular database?

6.) Write a schema that provides tags for a person’s first name, last name, weight, and shoe size. Weight and shoe size tags should have attributes to designate measuring systems.

7.) Distinguish between structured and unstructured complex objects.


8.) What is data warehouse? List the characteristics of data warehouse.

9.) What are the advantages and disadvantages of extending the relational data model by means of ORDBMS?

10.) Enumerate the limitations of conventional database compared to multimedia database.


Download from www.rajanaryal.com.np

                          Tribhuwan University                  

                        Institute of Science and Technology                                                                    2071

Advanced Database Management System       

                                                                                                            Time : 3 hours   Full Marks : 60       Pass Marks : 24 

New Course 
Candidates are required to give  their answers in  their own words as far as practicable. The questions are of equal value. 
Attempt all questions.

1.) Explain the following terms :
a.) Data Warehouse
b.) Distribution Transparency
c.) X Query
d.) Distribution transaction
e.) Knowledge base
f.) Classification and clustering

2.) Distinguish multiple inheritance and selective inheritance in OO concepts.


3.) Define state of an object. Distinguish between persistent and transient objects.

4.) Discuss how time is represented in temporal databases and compare the different time dimensions.

5.) What is the difference between structured and unstructured complex object? Differentiate identical versus equal objects with examples.

6.) What are the advantages and disadvantages of OODBMS?

7.) What are the differences and similarities between objects and literals in the ODMG object model?


8.) Describe the main reasons for the potential advantage for distributed database. What additional functions does it have over centralized DBMS?

9.) Describe the characteristics of mobile computing environment in detail.

10.) Differentiate between XML schema and XML DTD with suitable example .

Download from www.rajanaryal.com.np  

                       

                         Tribhuwan University                 

                     Institute of Science and Technology                                                                             2072

Advanced Database Management System       

                                                                                                            Time : 3 hours   Full Marks : 60       Pass Marks : 24 

New Course 
Candidates are required to give  their answers in  their own words as far as practicable. The questions are of equal value. 

Attempt all questions.

1) Explain the following terms :
a) Database performance tuning
b) UML
c) Subclass vs Superclass
d) Xquery
e) Calendars
f) Active Database

2) What are query optimization techniques? Explain.

3) Differentiate between specialization and generalization with example

4) How do single inheritance, multiple inheritance and selective inheritance differ?

5) What are the differences between structured and unstructured complex objects? Explain.

6) What are the object relational features that have been included in SQL-99 ?

7) Discuss how time is represented in temporal database and compare different time dimensions.

8) What are the difference and similarities between objects and literals in the ODMG Object Model?

9) Describe multimedia database and what are the different types of multimedia data that are available in current systems?

10)Explain XML schema and XML DTD.

Download from www.rajanaryal.com.np

                              

 

                                    Tribhuwan University                  

                      Institute of Science and Technology                                                                       2073

Advanced Database Management System       

                                                                                                            Time : 3 hours   Full Marks : 60       Pass Marks : 24 

New Course 
Candidates are required to give  their answers in  their own words as far as practicable. The questions are of equal value. 
(NEW COURSE)
Attempt all Questions

1. Discuss different constraints of specialization and generalization.


2. Draw an ER diagram for a hospital with a set of patients and a set of doctors. Associated with each patient a log of various tests and examinations conducted.


3. Define encapsulation? How is it used to create abstract data types?


4. What is versioning? Why is it important? What is the difference between versions and configurations?


5. What is object-relational database? Discuss object-relational features of SQL.


6. Define active database. Discuss some applications of active databases.

7. What are the differences between valid time, transaction time, and bitemporal relations?

8. What is data mining? Discuss data mining as a part of knowledge discovery process.

9. What is data warehouse? Discuss the typical functionality of a data warehouse.

10. What is mobile database? Discuss the characteristics of mobile environments.


Download from www.rajanaryal.com.np

Best ways to free up hard drive space on Windows 10

How to Delete Unnecessary Files on Your Windows 10

Empty the Recycle Bin

When you delete items, like files and photos, from your PC, they  sit in the Recycle Bin and continue to take up valuable hard-drive space. To empty the Recycle Bin, 

go to your desktop, 

right-click on the Recycle Bin and click Empty Recycle Bin.

Click Yes to proceed.

Delete temporary and downloaded files

You can delete temporary files without running Disk Cleanup, along with files you downloaded that you may no longer need.

• Go to Settings > System 
• click on Storage on the left panel. 
• click This PC at the top and then click Temporary files from the list. 
• Check the boxes for Temporary files and Downloads folder(and Empty recycle bin while you're at it) 
• click the Remove files button.

Turn on Storage Sense/Delete junk files using Storage Sense

Now, Windows will automatically delete unused temporary files, as well as files that have been in the Recycle Bin for more than 30 days. I'm pretty good with emptying the Recycle Bin on something approaching a regular schedule, but I'm also very happy to have Windows track down and eradicate needless temp files.

1. Open Settings.
2. Click on System.
3. Click on Storage.
4. Under "Storage sense," click on Change how we free up space link.
5. Under "Temporary files," check the files you want to delete, including:

• Delete temporary files that my apps aren't using.
• Delete files that have been in the recycle bin for over 30 days.
• Delete files in the Downloads folder that haven't changed in 30 days.

6.Under "Free up space now," you can also select the option to delete the previous installation of Windows 10. However, this option is only available during the first ten days after installing a new feature update.

After completing these steps, you can click the Clean now button to free up space immediately.

Save files to a different drive

If your computer has multiple hard drives or a partitioned hard drive, you may find yourself running out of space on one drive (or partition). Luckily, you can fix this by changing your default save locations for apps, documents, music, pictures, and videos. To do this,

1. open the Settings menu 
2. go to System > Storage. 
3. Under Save locations, select a different drive for each of the categories. 
4.  Select any drive -- even a removable drive, like a USB flash drive or a memory card -- that is connected to your PC.

Uninstall apps

You probably have some apps and programs on your PC that you don't use -- either apps you've installed and forgotten about, or bloatware that came preinstalled on your computer from the manufacturer.
To find out which apps are taking up space,

1. Open the Settings menu 
2. go to System > Apps & features 
3. choose Sort by size. 
4. To uninstall an app from this menu, click the app and then click Uninstall.

If you're running legacy programs on Windows 10, you may not see them in this list (some appear, but some do not). 
To find these programs, 

1. right-click the Start button 
2. click Control Panel. 
3. Go to Programs and Features to see a list of the legacy programs on your computer (you can also sort this list by program size). 
4. To uninstall a program from this list, left-click it to select it and click Uninstall.

Store files in the cloud -- and only in the cloud

If you take advantage of cloud storage via OneDrive or another service, you're probably double-storing files and photos. Well, you don't have to do this -- all cloud storage services allow you to select which folders are actually downloaded and saved to your PC (as well as in the cloud).

Right-click on the OneDrive icon in your system tray 
Choose Settings. 
In the Account tab, next to Choose folders to sync to this device, 
click Choose folders. 
Select the folders you want to sync (read: save directly) to your device, 
deselect any folders you do not want to sync to your device. 
When you're finished selecting or deselecting folders,
,click OK. 
The folders you did not select to sync to your device will be removed from your hard drive, freeing up space. 

You will still be able to access the files in these folders from the OneDrive site in any Web browser; they just won't be saved on your hard drive.

2. Delete junk system files using Disk Cleanup

Disk Cleanup has been around for years, and it's a tool commonly known by advanced users to delete additional unnecessary files from your device, including system files, system restore and shadow copies, which can help you to reclaim valuable space on your system.

Deleting system files

1. Open File Explorer.
2. On "This PC," right-click the main system drive and select Properties.
3. Click the Disk Cleanup button.
4. Click the Cleanup system files button.
5. Select the files you want to delete to free up space, including:

• Windows Update Cleanup.
• Windows upgrade log files.
• Downloaded Program Files.
• Temporary Internet Files.
• System created Windows Error Reporting.
• Delivery Optimization Files.
• Recycle Bin.
• Temporary files.
• Temporary Windows Installation Files.
• Previous Windows installation(s).

Note: The available options you can select may be different. For example, if Windows 10 already delete the previous version, you won't find the "Previous Windows installation(s)" option.

1. 6.Click OK.
2. 7.Click Delete Files.

3.Deleting System Restore and Shadow Copies

If you usually create System Restore points and use Shadow Copies (volume snapshot typically used by Windows Backup), you can also delete these files to free up additional space.

1. Open File Explorer.
2. On "This PC," right-click the main system drive and select Properties.
3. Click the Disk Cleanup button.
4. Click the Cleanup system files button.
5. Click the More options tab.
6. Under "System Restore and Shadow Copies," click the Cleanup button.
7. Click Delete to confirm.

4. Use OneDrive Files On-Demand feature

OneDrive Files On-Demand is a new feature introduced to Windows 10 with the Fall Creators Update, which allows you to access your files stored in the cloud using File Explorer without having to sync them and use local storage.

If you're running out of space, it's possible to use Files On-Demand to upload and keep your files in OneDrive and download them only when you need them.

Enabling OneDrive Files On-Demand

1. Right-click the OneDrive cloud icon in the notification area, and select Settings.
2. Click on the Settings tab.
3. Under "Files On-Demand," check the Save space and download files as you use them to enable the feature.
4. Click OK.

Freeing up space

After enabling Files On-Demand, you can move your files to the OneDrive folder and make them available only online to free up space.

1. Open your OneDrive folder.
2. Select the files and folders to keep only in the cloud.
3. Right-click the selection, and select Free up space.

In addition to freeing up space for files already stored in OneDrive, you can make more room by moving more files from your account's default folders to the OneDrive folder, and then use the same steps mentioned above to free up space.

If you want to sync all your files located on the Desktop, Documents, and other folders without manually having to move them to the OneDrive folder, use this guide.

Once you've completed the steps, you'll be able to access your files using File Explorer, but they will appear with a white cloud with blue borders icon, and you'll need an internet connection to open them.

It's worth noting that if you're only using the free version of OneDrive, you can only store up to 5GB of storage in the cloud. You'll need to get a subscription to use more storage.

6. Reduce Windows 10 footprint using Compact OS

Compact OS is a tool introduced with Windows 10 that allows you to compress the installation files and built-in desktop applications reducing the footprint and freeing up space.

Warning: This is a friendly reminder that you'll be modifying system files, and while it's safe to use the tool, bad things can always happen. It's recommended to make a full backup of your PC before proceeding.

1. Open Start.
2. Search for Command Prompt, right-click the result, and select Run as administrator.
3. Type the following command to compress the Windows 10 and applications and press Enter:

Compact.exe /CompactOS:always

After completing the steps, Compact OS will begin the process, which can take anywhere between 10 to 20 minutes, and the best part is that you don't even need to restart your device.

At any time, you can revert the changes using the same instructions, but on step No. 3, use this command Compact.exe /CompactOS:neverand press Enter.

Using this method, you'll be reclaiming around 2GB, but the amount of space will vary per installation.

Although this method won't noticeable affect performance, you should only consider this option on a device with limited storage or when you don't have another choice.

7. Disable Hibernation on Windows 10

Hibernation is a feature that saves the content in memory to the hard drive allowing you to shut down your device completely without losing your current session.

While Hibernation is a useful feature, it requires several gigabytes of space to save the content in RAM to the hiberfil.sys file on the hard drive.

If you want to optimize the available storage on your computer, you can disable the feature to free up space.

1. Open Start.
2. Search for Command Prompt, right-click the result, and select Run as administrator.
3. Type the following command to turn off Hibernation and press Enter:

powercfg /hibernate off

The only issue turning off this feature is that you'll lose the ability to use Hibernation, but it's a suitable option when you're running low on storage, and you need space immediately.

8. Move files, apps, games to an external hard drive

At the beginning of this guide, we said not to get an external hard drive right away to overcome the storage limitation, but if after trying all methods you're still low in capacity, you should consider getting a new drive.

Using an external drive, you can move existing files and configure Windows 10 to store new data in the new storage. Also, you can move certain Microsoft Store apps and games to the new hard drive to make more room on the main system drive.

Moving existing files to a new location

1. Connect the removable drive.
2. Open File Explorer.
3. Navigate to the folder with the files and folders you want to move.
4. Select the items you want to relocate.
5. Under "Home" tab, click the Move to button.
6. Select the Choose location option.
7. Select the new drive.
8. Click the Move button.

You'll need to repeat the steps to move other locations to the new external drive.

Saving new files to a new drive

To automatically save files to a new location, you can use these steps:

1. Connect the removable drive.
2. Open Settings.
3. Click on System.
4. Click on Storage.
5. Under "More storage settings," click the Change where new content is saved link.

6.Using the drop-down menu, select the location that Windows 10 should use to save files automatically for each content type.

After using the steps, moving forward, Windows 10 and supported apps will save files to the new specified location.

9.Moving apps and games to a new drive

On Windows 10, it's also possible to move certain Microsoft Store apps and games to a different storage device without having to reinstall them.

1. Connect the removable drive.
2. Open Settings.
3. Click on Apps.
4. Click on Apps & features.
5. Select an app or game.
6. Click the Move bottom.
7. Use the drop-down menu to select the new location.
8. Click the Move button.

You'll need to repeat the steps to move more items to the external drive.

The only caveat using any of these options is that you must have the external storage connected at all times.

Difference between form handling and file handling

Difference between form handling and file handling

1. Form Handling

• Form handler just checks the input.
• Confirm the name and address given.
• Use pattern to confirm email, SSN, zip code(It will allow to the user to know the problem)
• Doing more extensive calculations,
• Using the information to construct a customized HTML page for the client.
• Use to prevent web from abuse(From malicious use  such as 

1. header injection attack
2. cross-site scripting
3. SQL injection

     2.File handling

• Refers to the transfer of data to/from a storage medium
• System IO.namespaces contain types that enable reading and writing on data streams and files.
• File handling has to deal with directory path, disk, storage, and file/directory name,
• Ordered and named collection of bytes that has persistent storage (Doesn't disappear after power off)
• Sequence of bytes that can be read from and written to
• May represent disk, memory , network etc..
• 
  

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